MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.) is a national longitudinal study that has been following 11,000+ Americans over the past three decades. The publicly available data have led to 1,800+ publications tracking the health consequences (mental, physical) of socioeconomic inequality, racial disparities, early adversity, and perceived discrimination. The pathways (biological, neuroscience) through which these effects occur are also examined. A major theme is protective factors in the face of life adversity. Each member of the panel will provide an overview of findings in their area and then will engage in a discussion led by Carol Ryff to consider the relevance for practice and public health of this major multidisciplinary study.